<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cpomaem</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Коррозия: защита материалов и методы исследований</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>ИФХЭ РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61852/2949-3412-2024-2-3-143-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cpomaem-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфология и свойства катодно модифицированной и анодированной поверхности титана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphology and properties of cathodically modified and anodized titanium surface</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касаткина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatkina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 31, корп. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Leninsky pr. 31, 119071 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касаткин</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatkin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 31, корп. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Leninsky pr. 31, 119071 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 31, корп. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Leninsky pr. 31, 119071 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коростелева</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korosteleva</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 31, корп. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Leninsky pr. 31, 119071 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danab13@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корниенко</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornienko</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 31, корп. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Leninsky pr. 31, 119071 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеева</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeeva</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 31, корп. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Leninsky pr. 31, 119071 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>143</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касаткина И.В., Касаткин В.Э., Щербаков А.И., Коростелева И.Г., Корниенко Л.П., Дорофеева В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касаткина И.В., Касаткин В.Э., Щербаков А.И., Коростелева И.Г., Корниенко Л.П., Дорофеева В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasatkina I.V., Kasatkin V.E., Shcherbakov A.I., Korosteleva I.G., Kornienko L.P., Dorofeeva V.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cpmrm.ru/jour/article/view/71">https://www.cpmrm.ru/jour/article/view/71</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследовано влияние поверхностной обработки титана на образование наноструктуры оксидного слоя. Данный слой формировали электрохимическим окислением в кислом растворе, содержащем фторид-ионы. Средствами спектроскопии электрохимического импеданса, циклической вольтамперометрии и атомной силовой микроскопии изучены структуры и свойства полученных на поверхности титана оксидов. Предварительное образование на поверхности титана подслоя гидрида не позволяет обеспечить формирования регулярной нанотрубчатой структуры оксида.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The effect of titanium surface treatment on the formation of the oxide layer nanostructure was studied. This layer was formed by electrochemical oxidation in an acidic solution containing fluoride ions. The structures and properties of the oxides obtained on the titanium surface were studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy. Preliminary formation of a hydride sublayer on the titanium surface does not allow for the formation of a regular nanotubular oxide structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>титан</kwd><kwd>нанооксид титана</kwd><kwd>гидрид титана</kwd><kwd>спектроскопия электрохимического импеданса</kwd><kwd>морфология поверхности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>titanium</kwd><kwd>titanium nanooxide</kwd><kwd>titanium hydride</kwd><kwd>electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>surface morphology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">N. Vach´e, Y. Cadoret, B. Dod and D. Monceau, Modeling the oxidation kinetics of titanium alloys: Review, method and application to Ti-64 and Ti-6242s alloys, Corros. Sci., 2021, 178, 109041. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">N. Vach´e, Y. Cadoret, B. Dod and D. Monceau, Modeling the oxidation kinetics of titanium alloys: Review, method and application to Ti-64 and Ti-6242s alloys, Corros. Sci., 2021, 178, 109041. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L.-C. Zhang and L.-Y. Chen, A Review on Biomedical Titanium Alloys: Recent Progress and Prospect, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2019, 21, no. 4, 1801215. doi: 10.1002/adem.201801215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L.-C. Zhang and L.-Y. Chen, A Review on Biomedical Titanium Alloys: Recent Progress and Prospect, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2019, 21, no. 4, 1801215. doi: 10.1002/adem.201801215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. Zhang, D. Qiu, M.A. Gibson, Y. Zheng, H.L. Fraser, D.H. StJohn and M.A. Easton, Additive manufacturing of ultrafine-grained high-strength titanium alloys, Nature, 2019, 576, no. 7785, 91–95. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1783-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. Zhang, D. Qiu, M.A. Gibson, Y. Zheng, H.L. Fraser, D.H. StJohn and M.A. Easton, Additive manufacturing of ultrafine-grained high-strength titanium alloys, Nature, 2019, 576, no. 7785, 91–95. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1783-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. Bahl, S. Suwas and K. Chatterjee, Comprehensive review on alloy design, processing, and performance of β Titanium alloys as biomedical materials, Int. Mater. Rev., 2020, 66, no. 4, 1–26. doi: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1735829</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. Bahl, S. Suwas and K. Chatterjee, Comprehensive review on alloy design, processing, and performance of β Titanium alloys as biomedical materials, Int. Mater. Rev., 2020, 66, no. 4, 1–26. doi: 10.1080/09506608.2020.1735829</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. Banerjee and J. Williams, Perspectives on titanium science and technology, Acta Mater., 2013, 61, no. 3, 844–879. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. Banerjee and J. Williams, Perspectives on titanium science and technology, Acta Mater., 2013, 61, no. 3, 844–879. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">B. Nagesha, V. Dhinakaran, M.V. Shree, K.M. Kumar and T. Jagadeesha, A review on weldability of additive manufactured titanium alloys, Mater. Today: Proc., 2020, 33, 2964–2969. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.899</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">B. Nagesha, V. Dhinakaran, M.V. Shree, K.M. Kumar and T. Jagadeesha, A review on weldability of additive manufactured titanium alloys, Mater. Today: Proc., 2020, 33, 2964–2969. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.899</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. Yan, G.-L. Song, Z. Li, H. Wang, D. Zheng, F. Cao, M. Horynova, M.S. Dargusch and L. Zhou, A state-of-the-art review on passivation and biofouling of Ti and its alloys in marine environments, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 34, no. 3, 421–435. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2017.11.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. Yan, G.-L. Song, Z. Li, H. Wang, D. Zheng, F. Cao, M. Horynova, M.S. Dargusch and L. Zhou, A state-of-the-art review on passivation and biofouling of Ti and its alloys in marine environments, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 34, no. 3, 421–435. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2017.11.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Shi, Y. Gao, D. Li, W. Zhao and Y. Zheng, Recent Advances in the Design of Novel β-Titanium Alloys Using Integrated Theory, Computer Simulation, and Advanced Characterization, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2021, 23, no. 8, 2100152. doi: 10.1002/adem.202100152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Shi, Y. Gao, D. Li, W. Zhao and Y. Zheng, Recent Advances in the Design of Novel β-Titanium Alloys Using Integrated Theory, Computer Simulation, and Advanced Characterization, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2021, 23, no. 8, 2100152. doi: 10.1002/adem.202100152</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">H. Attar, S. Ehtemam-Haghighi, N. Soro, D. Kent and M.S. Dargusch, Additive manufacturing of low-cost porous titanium-based composites for biomedical applications: Advantages, challenges and opinion for future development, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 827, 154263. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154263</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">H. Attar, S. Ehtemam-Haghighi, N. Soro, D. Kent and M.S. Dargusch, Additive manufacturing of low-cost porous titanium-based composites for biomedical applications: Advantages, challenges and opinion for future development, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 827, 154263. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154263</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Xiang, H.T. Zhang, N.C. Ye, C.Z. Xu, Z. Wang, L. Liu, J.J. Ma and Z.W. Tong, Anodic TiO2 nanotubes supported palladium catalysts for Heck coupling reactions: excellent catalytic activity and reusability, Mol. Catal., 2023, 549, 113463. doi: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113463</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. Xiang, H.T. Zhang, N.C. Ye, C.Z. Xu, Z. Wang, L. Liu, J.J. Ma and Z.W. Tong, Anodic TiO2 nanotubes supported palladium catalysts for Heck coupling reactions: excellent catalytic activity and reusability, Mol. Catal., 2023, 549, 113463. doi: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113463</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.W. Cao, Z.Q. Gao, C. Wang, H.M. Muzammal, W.Q. Wang, Q. Gu, C. Dong, H.T. Ma and Y.P. Wang, Morphology evolution of the anodized tin oxide film during early formation stages at relatively high constant potential, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 388, 125592. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125592</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.W. Cao, Z.Q. Gao, C. Wang, H.M. Muzammal, W.Q. Wang, Q. Gu, C. Dong, H.T. Ma and Y.P. Wang, Morphology evolution of the anodized tin oxide film during early formation stages at relatively high constant potential, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 388, 125592. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125592</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Liao, W.G. Huang, F.G. Cai and Q.Y. Zhang, Preparation and mechanism of honeycomb-like nanoporous SnO2 by anodization, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 2021, 32, 9540–9550. doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-05617-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Liao, W.G. Huang, F.G. Cai and Q.Y. Zhang, Preparation and mechanism of honeycomb-like nanoporous SnO2 by anodization, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 2021, 32, 9540–9550. doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-05617-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Q.Y. Wang, H.L. Li, X.L. Yu, Y. Jia, Y. Chang and S.M. Gao, Morphology regulated Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on TiO2 nanotubes by solvothermal Sb3+ doping as effective photocatalysts for wastewater treatment, Electrochim. Acta, 2020, 330, no. 5, 135167. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Q.Y. Wang, H.L. Li, X.L. Yu, Y. Jia, Y. Chang and S.M. Gao, Morphology regulated Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on TiO2 nanotubes by solvothermal Sb3+ doping as effective photocatalysts for wastewater treatment, Electrochim. Acta, 2020, 330, no. 5, 135167. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C.Y. Li, K. Luo, B. Yan, W. Sun, L.F. Jiang, P.Z. Li, Y. Zhang, S. Wang, Y. Yu, X. Zhu and Y. Song, Simulation of anodic current and optimization of the fitting equation and the fitting algorithm during constant voltage anodization, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2023, 127, no. 20, 9707–9716. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01612</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">C.Y. Li, K. Luo, B. Yan, W. Sun, L.F. Jiang, P.Z. Li, Y. Zhang, S. Wang, Y. Yu, X. Zhu and Y. Song, Simulation of anodic current and optimization of the fitting equation and the fitting algorithm during constant voltage anodization, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2023, 127, no. 20, 9707–9716. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01612</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Wu, Y. Li, Z.X. Li, S. Li, L. Shen, X. Hu and Z.Y. Ling, Ultra-slow growth rate: accurate control of the thickness of porous anodic aluminum oxide films, Electrochem. Commun., 2019, 109, 106602. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106602</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. Wu, Y. Li, Z.X. Li, S. Li, L. Shen, X. Hu and Z.Y. Ling, Ultra-slow growth rate: accurate control of the thickness of porous anodic aluminum oxide films, Electrochem. Commun., 2019, 109, 106602. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106602</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S.X. Liu, J.L. Tian, S. Wu, W. Zhang and M.Y. Luo, A bioinspired broadband self-powered photodetector based on photo-pyroelectric-thermoelectric effect able to detect human radiation, Nano Energy, 2022, 93, 106812. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S.X. Liu, J.L. Tian, S. Wu, W. Zhang and M.Y. Luo, A bioinspired broadband self-powered photodetector based on photo-pyroelectric-thermoelectric effect able to detect human radiation, Nano Energy, 2022, 93, 106812. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Jin, X.D. Ye, J. Fan, D.C. Jiang and H.Y. Chen, In situ imaging of photocatalytic activity at titanium dioxide nanotubes using scanning ion conductance microscopy, Anal. Chem., 2019, 91, 2605–2609. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Jin, X.D. Ye, J. Fan, D.C. Jiang and H.Y. Chen, In situ imaging of photocatalytic activity at titanium dioxide nanotubes using scanning ion conductance microscopy, Anal. Chem., 2019, 91, 2605–2609. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Bai, Y. Zhao, P. Chen, X.Y. Zhang, X.B. Huang, Z.B. Du, R. Crawford, X.H. Yao, B. Tang, R.Q. Hang and Y. Xiao, Targeting early healing phase with titania nanotube arrays on tunable diameters to accelerate bone regeneration and osseointegration, Small, 2021, 17, 2006287. doi: 10.1002/smll.202006287</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Bai, Y. Zhao, P. Chen, X.Y. Zhang, X.B. Huang, Z.B. Du, R. Crawford, X.H. Yao, B. Tang, R.Q. Hang and Y. Xiao, Targeting early healing phase with titania nanotube arrays on tunable diameters to accelerate bone regeneration and osseointegration, Small, 2021, 17, 2006287. doi: 10.1002/smll.202006287</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.M. Macak, H. Tsuchiya, A. Ghicov, K. Yasuda, R. Hahn, S. Bauer and P. Schmuki, TiO2 nanotubes: Self-organized electrochemical formation, properties and applications, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2007, 11, 3–18. doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2007.08.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.M. Macak, H. Tsuchiya, A. Ghicov, K. Yasuda, R. Hahn, S. Bauer and P. Schmuki, TiO2 nanotubes: Self-organized electrochemical formation, properties and applications, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2007, 11, 3–18. doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2007.08.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Beranek, H. Hildebrand and P. Schmuki, Self-Organized Porous Titanium Oxide Prepared in H2SO4/HF Electrolytes, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2003, 6, no. 3, B12–B14. doi: 10.1149/1.1545192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Beranek, H. Hildebrand and P. Schmuki, Self-Organized Porous Titanium Oxide Prepared in H2SO4/HF Electrolytes, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2003, 6, no. 3, B12–B14. doi: 10.1149/1.1545192</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Ghicov, H. Tsuchiya, R. Hahn, J.M. MacAk, A.G. Muñoz and P. Schmuki, TiO2 nanotubes H+ insertion and strong electrochromic effect, Electrochem. Commun., 2006, 8, no. 4, 528–532. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.01.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. Ghicov, H. Tsuchiya, R. Hahn, J.M. MacAk, A.G. Muñoz and P. Schmuki, TiO2 nanotubes H+ insertion and strong electrochromic effect, Electrochem. Commun., 2006, 8, no. 4, 528–532. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.01.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.G. Hosseini, S.A.S. Sajjadi and M.M. Momeni, Electrodeposition of platinum metal on Ti and anodized Ti from P solt: application to electro-oxidation of glycerol, Surf. Eng., 2007, 23, no. 6, 419–424. doi: 10.1179/174329407X260582</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M.G. Hosseini, S.A.S. Sajjadi and M.M. Momeni, Electrodeposition of platinum metal on Ti and anodized Ti from P solt: application to electro-oxidation of glycerol, Surf. Eng., 2007, 23, no. 6, 419–424. doi: 10.1179/174329407X260582</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.M. Macak, H. Hildebrand, U. Marten-Jahns and P. Schmuki, Mechanistic aspects and growth of large diameter self-organized TiO2 nanotubes, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2008, 621, no. 2, 254–266. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.M. Macak, H. Hildebrand, U. Marten-Jahns and P. Schmuki, Mechanistic aspects and growth of large diameter self-organized TiO2 nanotubes, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2008, 621, no. 2, 254–266. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">B. Makurat-Kasprolewicz and A. Ossowska, Recent advances in electrochemically surface treated titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications: A review of anodic and plasma electrolytic oxidation methods, Mater. Today Commun., 2023, 34, no. 2–3, 105425. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105425</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">B. Makurat-Kasprolewicz and A. Ossowska, Recent advances in electrochemically surface treated titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications: A review of anodic and plasma electrolytic oxidation methods, Mater. Today Commun., 2023, 34, no. 2–3, 105425. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105425</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A.B. Tesler, M. Altomare and P. Schmuki, Morphology and Optical Properties of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotubes Grown in NH4F/o-H3PO4 Electrolytes in View of Light-Harvesting and Catalytic Applications, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2020, 3, no. 11, 10646–10658. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01859</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.B. Tesler, M. Altomare and P. Schmuki, Morphology and Optical Properties of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotubes Grown in NH4F/o-H3PO4 Electrolytes in View of Light-Harvesting and Catalytic Applications, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2020, 3, no. 11, 10646–10658. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01859</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Tsui and G. Zangari, Modification of TiO2 nanotubes by Cu2O for photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 128, no. 10, 341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Tsui and G. Zangari, Modification of TiO2 nanotubes by Cu2O for photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 128, no. 10, 341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.150</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">W. Zhang, Y. Tian, H. He, L. Xu, W. Li and D. Zhao, Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials for energy and environmental applications, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2020, 7, no, 11, 1702–1725. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">W. Zhang, Y. Tian, H. He, L. Xu, W. Li and D. Zhao, Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials for energy and environmental applications, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2020, 7, no, 11, 1702–1725. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">T. Bautkinova, N. Utsch, T. Bystron, M. Lhotka, M. Kohoutkova, M. Shviro and K. Bouzek, Introducing titanium hydride on porous transport layer for more energy efficient water electrolysis with proton exchange membrane, J. Power Sources, 2023, 565, no. 12, 232913. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">T. Bautkinova, N. Utsch, T. Bystron, M. Lhotka, M. Kohoutkova, M. Shviro and K. Bouzek, Introducing titanium hydride on porous transport layer for more energy efficient water electrolysis with proton exchange membrane, J. Power Sources, 2023, 565, no. 12, 232913. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sh. Luo, F. Su, Ch. Liu, J. Li, R. Liu, Y. Xiao, Y. Li, X. Liu and Q. Cai, A new method for fabricating a CuO/TiO2 nanotube arrays electrode and its application as a sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor, Talanta, 2011, 86, 157–163. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sh. Luo, F. Su, Ch. Liu, J. Li, R. Liu, Y. Xiao, Y. Li, X. Liu and Q. Cai, A new method for fabricating a CuO/TiO2 nanotube arrays electrode and its application as a sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor, Talanta, 2011, 86, 157–163. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Wang, G. Ji, Y. Liu, M.A. Gondal and X. hang, Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructure nanotube arrays prepared by an electrodeposition method exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to methanol, Catal. Commun., 2014, 46, 17–21. doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.11.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. Wang, G. Ji, Y. Liu, M.A. Gondal and X. hang, Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructure nanotube arrays prepared by an electrodeposition method exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to methanol, Catal. Commun., 2014, 46, 17–21. doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.11.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A.I. Shcherbakov, I.V. Kasatkina, V.V. Vysotskii, A.A. Averin, V.A. Kotenev and A.Yu. Tsivadze, Formation of nanocomposites of platinum with nanotubular titanium dioxide, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf., 2014, 50, no. 6, 803–808. doi: 10.1134/S2070205114060203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.I. Shcherbakov, I.V. Kasatkina, V.V. Vysotskii, A.A. Averin, V.A. Kotenev and A.Yu. Tsivadze, Formation of nanocomposites of platinum with nanotubular titanium dioxide, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf., 2014, 50, no. 6, 803–808. doi: 10.1134/S2070205114060203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">H. Cao, Zh. Fan, G. Hou, Y. Tang and G. Zheng, Ball-flower-shaped Ni nanoparticles on Cu modified TiO2 nanotube arrays for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 125, 275–281. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">H. Cao, Zh. Fan, G. Hou, Y. Tang and G. Zheng, Ball-flower-shaped Ni nanoparticles on Cu modified TiO2 nanotube arrays for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 125, 275–281. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Н.Д. Томашов, В.Н. Модестова и А.С. Анатольева, Влияние плотности тока на наводороживание и коррозию титановых сплавов, Коррозия металлов и сплавов: сборник статей, М.: Металлургиздат, 1963–1965, 80–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Н.Д. Томашов, В.Н. Модестова и А.С. Анатольева, Влияние плотности тока на наводороживание и коррозию титановых сплавов, Коррозия металлов и сплавов: сборник статей, М.: Металлургиздат, 1963–1965, 80–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Н.Д. Томашов, В.Н. Модестова, Л.А. Плавич и А.Б. Авербух, Исследование электрохимического поведения титана, Коррозия металлов и сплавов: сборник статей, М.: Металлургиздат, 1963–1965, 176–182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Н.Д. Томашов, В.Н. Модестова, Л.А. Плавич и А.Б. Авербух, Исследование электрохимического поведения титана, Коррозия металлов и сплавов: сборник статей, М.: Металлургиздат, 1963–1965, 176–182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">И.В. Касаткина и А.И. Щербаков, Электрохимические свойства нано трубчатого и компактного оксидов титана, Коррозия: материалы, защита, 2014, 7, 11–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">И.В. Касаткина и А.И. Щербаков, Электрохимические свойства нано трубчатого и компактного оксидов титана, Коррозия: материалы, защита, 2014, 7, 11–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О.В. Лозовая, М.Р. Тарасевич, В.А. Богдановская, И.В. Касаткина и А.И. Щербаков, Электрохимический синтез, исследование и модифицирование нанотрубок TiO2, Физикохимия поверхности и защита материалов, 2011, 47, 45–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">О.В. Лозовая, М.Р. Тарасевич, В.А. Богдановская, И.В. Касаткина и А.И. Щербаков, Электрохимический синтез, исследование и модифицирование нанотрубок TiO2, Физикохимия поверхности и защита материалов, 2011, 47, 45–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">I.V. Kasatkina, A.I. Shcherbakov, V.V. Vysotskii, V.N. Dorofeeva, R.X. Zalavutdinov and V.A. Kotenev, The effect of titanium support on the mophological properties of growth of titanium-oxide nanotubes and platinum deposit, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf., 2017, 53, no. 5, 841–846. doi: 10.1134/S2070205117050070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">I.V. Kasatkina, A.I. Shcherbakov, V.V. Vysotskii, V.N. Dorofeeva, R.X. Zalavutdinov and V.A. Kotenev, The effect of titanium support on the mophological properties of growth of titanium-oxide nanotubes and platinum deposit, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf., 2017, 53, no. 5, 841–846. doi: 10.1134/S2070205117050070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">И.В. Касаткина, А.И. Щербаков и В.И. Золотаревский, Формирование нанотрубчатых оксидов на титане, Коррозия: материалы и защита, 2013, 6, 1–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">И.В. Касаткина, А.И. Щербаков и В.И. Золотаревский, Формирование нанотрубчатых оксидов на титане, Коррозия: материалы и защита, 2013, 6, 1–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sh. Zhang, M. Yu, L. Xu, S. Zhao, J. Che and X. Zhu, Formation mechanism of multilayer TiO2 nanotubes in HBF4 electrolyte, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 33526–33531. doi: 10.1039/C7RA05624A</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sh. Zhang, M. Yu, L. Xu, S. Zhao, J. Che and X. Zhu, Formation mechanism of multilayer TiO2 nanotubes in HBF4 electrolyte, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 33526–33531. doi: 10.1039/C7RA05624A</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O. Lebedeva, D. Kultin, I. Kudryavtsev, N. Root and L. Kustov, The role of initial hexagonal self-ordering in anodic nanotube growth in ionic liquid, Electrochem. Commun., 2017, 75, 78–81. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.01.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O. Lebedeva, D. Kultin, I. Kudryavtsev, N. Root and L. Kustov, The role of initial hexagonal self-ordering in anodic nanotube growth in ionic liquid, Electrochem. Commun., 2017, 75, 78–81. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.01.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
