Антикоррозионная эффективность супергидрофобных покрытий на металлах. Обзор.

В последние два десятилетия создание гидрофобных и супергидрофобных покрытий на металлах и практическое применение этих покрытий для самоочистки, защиты от обледенения, разделения масляно-водяной смеси и особенно для защиты от коррозии интенсивно обсуждались в исследовательском сообществе. В этом обзоре рассматриваются металлы и их соответствующая защита от коррозии в различных условиях (в воде, в хлоридных растворах, в атмосфере с агрессивными компонентами) с помощью супергидрофобных материалов и методов их изготовления. Рассматриваются как технологически более совершенные методы, основанные на лазерном текстурировании поверхности металла или плазменном травлении для создания многомодальной шероховатости с последующим нанесением слоя вещества с низкой поверхностной энергией, в первую очередь, фтороксисиланов, так и более простые, обычно экологически чистые и менее затратные подходы, основанные на химическом травлении поверхности металла, химическом или электрохимическом осаждении металлов одинаковой или разной природы с последующей обработкой гидрофобизирующими агентами, такими, как миристиновая или стеариновая кислоты. Исследования антикоррозионных свойств покрытий проводились преимущественно методами электрохимической поляризации и электрохимической импедансной спектроскопии, а в редких случаях – прямыми коррозионными испытаниями. В настоящем обзоре основное внимание уделено защите железа, сталей, меди, цинка, алюминия и магния.

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