Мигрирующие ингибиторы хлоридной коррозии стальной арматуры в бетоне. Обзор

Представлен обзор исследований о мигрирующих ингибиторах коррозии (МИК) для защиты стальной арматуры в бетоне при воздействии хлоридов. Рассмотрены четыре группы МИК: (1) неорганические МИК; (2) органические МИК, в т.ч. электромиграционные ингибиторы коррозии (ЭМИК); (3) смешанные МИК (смесь неорганических и органических МИК); (4) органические МИК с гидрофобными компонентами. Неорганические МИК были изучены одними из первых. Они не получили широкого распространения по причине невысокой проникающей способности, взаимодействия с цементным камнем и возможного негативного влияния на экологию. Органические МИК хорошо изучены и коммерчески доступны, особенно МИК на основе аминов и аминоспиртов. В большинстве случаев такие МИК эффективно снижают скорость коррозии как для новых бетонов, которые не подвергались действию хлоридов до обработки ингибитором, так и для содержащих хлориды конструкций. В единичных исследованиях сообщается также об их незначительной эффективности. Смеси органических и неорганических компонентов в МИК часто обладают синергетическим эффектом, который повышает антикоррозионное          действие. Модификация         органических       МИК гидрофобизирующими компонентами усиливает эффективность за счет дополнительного влияния на бетонное покрытие. В целом, использование МИК представляет собой перспективный и развивающийся подход к продлению срока службы железобетонных конструкций, подверженных воздействию хлоридов.

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